This course provides tools to understand and apply key concepts of exercise physiology in athletic horses. Oxidative stress, fatigue, and bioenergetic fundamentals are addressed, along with methods for assessing equine fitness. Specific training exercises, sports planning, and their application in different production systems and equestrian disciplines are analyzed. Additionally, the most common pathologies in equine sports and common errors in training programs are studied, highlighting their risks and consequences for the animal's performance and health.